Heartfelt Care: Understanding HCM in Sphynx, Lykoi, and Devon Rex Cats
November 15, 2023

For the passionate cat enthusiast, understanding the unique health nuances of different breeds is paramount. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is a term that might ring familiar to many who delve into the feline world, especially when considering breeds like the Sphynx, Lykoi, and Devon Rex. As a potential or current cat owner, knowledge of this condition can not only help in early detection but also in providing the best care to your feline friend. In this comprehensive guide, we'll shed light on HCM, its implications for the aforementioned breeds, and the proactive steps to ensure a cat's healthy and fulfilling life. 


What is HCM?

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) stands as the most common heart disease in cats. It's characterized by the thickening of the heart muscle, particularly the ventricular walls, without any apparent cause. This thickening can hinder the heart's ability to pump blood efficiently, potentially leading to other complications like congestive heart failure. 


Although the exact causes of HCM in cats remain a topic of ongoing research, certain genetic factors and predispositions have been identified, especially in particular breeds. Given its silent nature, many cats with HCM might show no obvious symptoms until the disease has progressed significantly, underscoring the importance of early detection and regular health screenings. 


HCM in Sphynx, Lykoi, and Devon Rex 

When it comes to heart health in felines, not all breeds share the same risks. Though any breed of cat can develop HCM - Sphynx, especially, has a noted predisposition to HCM. While it's essential to approach this with caution, it's equally crucial to have an informed perspective. 


Sphynx: This breed, celebrated for its hairless beauty and affectionate nature, has a well documented history with HCM. Research suggests that a significant percentage of Sphynx cats can develop this condition, with genetics playing a pivotal role. Diet and environment can also play a role in the development of HCM. Currently there is only one genetic marker that has been discovered for HCM in sphynx. And is thought to be responsible for up to 60% of the documented cases of HCM. It is believed that there is one additional genetic marker that is responsible for the remaining 40% but has not yet been discovered. There is still a lot of research that needs to be done, in regards to the HCM gene(s). But should still be used as a tool in breeding. That is why it is still so crucial that proper screening is done yearly. 


Lykoi: Often referred to as the "werewolf cat" due to its unique appearance, the Lykoi's relationship with HCM is still under study. However, initial findings highlight a potential genetic linkage to the disease, making it a point of attention for breeders and owners alike. Yearly screening is recommended. 


Devon Rex: With its large eyes and elf-like ears, the Devon Rex is a breed many fall in love with. But like the Sphynx, there's a known correlation with HCM. While not as pronounced as in the Sphynx, Devon Rex owners should remain vigilant about regular heart screenings too.


It's essential to note that while these breeds might have a predisposition, it doesn't guarantee the onset of HCM in every individual cat. Responsible breeding practices, health screenings, and early detection remain the best defense against this heart ailment. 


Signs and Symptoms 

Awareness is the first line of defense against many health conditions, and this is especially true for HCM. Recognizing early warning signs can be the difference between timely intervention and irreversible complications. Here are some symptoms cat owners should keep an eye out for: 


Difficulty Breathing: Cats with HCM might exhibit labored breathing or breathe rapidly, even when at rest. 


Lethargy: A noticeable decrease in activity levels or a reluctance to play can be indicators. 


Faint or Collapse: In advanced cases, the cat might faint or collapse due to decreased oxygen circulation. 


Loss of Appetite: A sudden disinterest in food or weight loss might suggest a possible heart issue. 


Heart Murmurs: While not always a definitive sign of HCM, heart murmurs detected during vet check-ups could be indicative of the condition. 


It's crucial to understand that these symptoms can also be associated with other health issues. Hence, regular veterinary check-ups, including heart screenings, play an indispensable role in early detection and accurate diagnosis. 


Treatment and Management 

When faced with an HCM diagnosis, many cat owners might feel overwhelmed. However, with appropriate care and management, many cats diagnosed with HCM can still lead long, comfortable lives. Here's how:


Medication: There are several drugs available that help manage HCM symptoms. Beta blockers and calcium channel blockers, for instance, can help relax the heart muscle and reduce the heart's workload. 


Dietary Changes: A low-sodium diet can assist in reducing fluid buildup in cats with HCM. The absence of taurine in the diet is known to cause heart disease in cats. Always consult with your veterinarian about the best dietary choices for your feline. 


Regular Check-ups: Regular veterinary visits are imperative. They allow for the early detection of potential complications and adjustments to treatment plans as needed. 


Stress Reduction: Minimizing stress is vital. A calm, stable environment can reduce the strain on a cat's heart. Consider creating a serene sanctuary or using feline pheromone diffusers to promote relaxation. 


Stay Informed: As research on HCM progresses, new treatments and insights might emerge. Stay updated and maintain open communication with your vet. 


Remember, while an HCM diagnosis might seem daunting, with the right approach and dedicated care, your beloved feline can continue to thrive. And if you're ever in doubt, seeking a second opinion or consulting with a veterinary cardiologist can offer further clarity and peace of mind. 


New research and treatment for HCM: HCM Treatment


Conclusion 

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) might sound intimidating, especially when associated with cherished breeds like the Sphynx, Lykoi, and Devon Rex. However, with awareness, regular screenings, and informed care, managing HCM becomes less daunting. 


While some breeds have a predisposition to HCM, it's vital to remember that each cat is unique. Not every individual will develop this heart condition, but being equipped with knowledge ensures that you're prepared should the need arise. 


Until the other genetic markers are discovered - we may never eradicate HCM completely from our cats. The best tool we have is to track our pedigrees/lines and to screen all of our cats yearly for HCM. To include cats that are no longer in our breeding program & pet siblings of our breeding clan. We encourage all of our adopters to do the same as it is important for us to track our lines for health. 


If you're considering welcoming one of these stunning breeds into your home, or if you're already a proud cat parent, prioritize their heart health. Regular vet visits, early detection, and a loving environment can make all the difference.


If you're searching for a kitten with a strong lineage and thorough health screenings, consider Royal Velvets Cattery. Our commitment to feline health and well-being stands unparalleled.

Understanding the Point Gene in Cats

April 15, 2025
The point gene is responsible for the striking coat patterns seen in breeds like Siamese, Ragdolls, and Himalayans. This fascinating genetic trait is governed by a recessive gene, which means that for a kitten to inherit and express the pointed pattern, both parents must carry and pass on a copy of the gene. How the Point Gene Works The point gene is a form of temperature-sensitive albinism caused by a mutation in the TYR gene. This mutation affects pigmentation, restricting color development to the cooler areas of the body—such as the ears, face, paws, and tail—while the warmer areas remain lighter. This is why pointed cats have a distinctive contrast between their body and extremities. Interestingly, kittens are born completely white because they develop inside the warmth of their mother’s womb. As they grow and their body temperature regulates, their points begin to darken, revealing their final color pattern over the first few weeks or months of life. The Recessive Nature of the Point Gene Since the point gene is recessive, a kitten must inherit two copies—one from each parent—to display the pattern. If a cat inherits only one copy, it will not be pointed but will still carry the gene and can pass it on to future offspring. Genetic Possibilities in Breeding Understanding how the point gene is passed down can help breeders predict the likelihood of pointed kittens in a litter: Two non-pointed parents (who do not carry the gene) = No pointed kittens. One pointed parent + one non-pointed parent (who does not carry the gene) = No pointed kittens, but all will be carriers. One pointed parent + one non-pointed parent (who carries the gene) = About 50% of the kittens may be pointed, and the rest will be carriers. Two carriers (not visibly pointed) bred together = About 25% of the kittens may be pointed. Two pointed parents bred together = 100% of the kittens will be pointed. Because of this inheritance pattern, pointed kittens can sometimes appear unexpectedly in litters if both parents secretly carry the gene but do not show it themselves. This is why genetic testing is such an important tool for breeders—it helps identify hidden traits and allows for informed breeding decisions. Why Understanding the Point Gene Matters By understanding the genetics behind the point gene, breeders can make strategic choices to maintain genetic diversity while preserving this unique and beautiful trait. Whether you are a breeder, a cat enthusiast, or just someone fascinated by feline genetics, the point gene serves as a perfect example of how science shapes the incredible variety we see in our feline companions.

Litter Box Basics: How to Introduce Your New Kitten to the Litter Box the Right Way

April 15, 2025
Bringing home a new kitten is such a joyful and exciting experience—but it can also come with a lot of questions, especially when it comes to litter box training. Thankfully, if you’re bringing home one of our kittens, they’re already litter box trained! However, continuing their good habits at home depends on setting them up for success with the right kind of setup. Start Simple: The Only Litter Box You Need Right Now We train all of our kittens on a standard, open, rectangular litter box filled with pine pellet litter. It’s natural, safe, effective, and easy for kittens to use. We strongly recommend continuing this exact setup when your kitten first comes home. Avoid the temptation to use: Covered or lidded boxes Top-entry or flat entry boxes Fancy self-cleaning or automatic litter boxes These styles can confuse or even frighten a kitten who’s adjusting to a brand-new environment. It’s essential to keep things familiar and straightforward during this important transition. Why Not Covered or Automatic Boxes? Covered boxes may trap odors and make the experience uncomfortable or intimidating for a kitten. Top-entry boxes can be physically challenging for tiny legs, and automatic litter boxes can be downright dangerous for small kittens. In fact, many off-brand automatic boxes have caused serious injuries—and in rare cases, even deaths—because they cycle while the kitten is still inside or don’t properly detect that the box has been used. Many automatic boxes are also simply too large or high for a small kitten to comfortably access. When You’re Ready to Transition to Something New We understand that long-term, some families prefer different litter box styles. Once your kitten has fully settled into their new home and is reliably using their box, you can start introducing a new litter box setup. The safest and most effective way to do this is: Set the new box beside the old one. This gives your kitten the opportunity to explore it on their own. Place a small amount of used litter or a piece of feces from the old box into the new one. The scent helps them understand its purpose. Use a kitten attractant litter if your new box takes a different type of litter. Let your kitten explore the new setup at their own pace. Some kittens may switch quickly; others may need a bit more time. Just be patient and keep both boxes available during the transition. Your Kitten’s Comfort and Safety Comes First Every kitten deserves a safe, easy-to-use, and familiar bathroom setup—especially in those first few weeks at home. Sticking with the basics and avoiding complications is the best way to ensure a smooth adjustment. Once your kitten is confident and comfortable, you can always upgrade or transition later. Have questions about litter boxes or anything else kitten-related? We’re always here to help!